The Interactions among Air Freight, GDP, Energy Usage and Ecological Footprint: An Empirical Investigation from Turkey

The major aim of this manuscript is to examine the long-run relationship between air freight, economic growth, energy usage and ecological footprint by employing Multivariate Regression (MR), FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares), DOLS (Dynamic Square), CCR (Canonical Co-integrating Regression), Generalized Method Moments (GMM) analysis for Turkey from 1970 2018 within sense EKC hypothesis. According (MR) result Turkey, influence 2018. Besides, long-term linkage variables including indicated through FMOLS, DOLS, GMM which verified hypothesis Turkey. Thus, all-time series paper confirms that cause environmental pollution When empirical results are considered Environmental Management System has not yet been established at airports open international traffic. However, in order meet standards expected aviation authorities, it necessary develop practices regard Today, when reached serious dimensions, airport operators, local people every unit industry will go produce solutions take precautions together. With be airport, accepted as indispensable businesses terms social aspects environment; able achieve sustainable development increasing their performance new period. use renewable sources contribute process. Financial incentives should provided airline companies willing invest line with these targets, tax exemptions introduced such investments. Although does seem possible near future, important future sustainability sector carry out studies on electric transportation.